Services
- Development of Marine Resources
- Development of Marine Algae Resources
- Seaweed Extraction
- Seaweed (Macroalgae) Analysis
- Algae (Microalgae) Analysis
- Algae Identification
- Algae Production
- Algae Culture
- Algae Harvesting and Separation
- Algal Biodiversity Assessment
- Purification of Algal Extracts
- Algae Database Construction
- Microalgal Fermentation
- Haematococcus Pluvialis Production
- Nannochloropsis Production
- Phaeodactylum Tricornutum Production
- Chlorella Vulgaris Production
- Spirulina Production
- Porphyridium Cruentum Production
- Development of Seaweed Enzyme Products
- Diatom Production
- Agar Production
- Carrageenan Production
- Development of Marine Biofertilizer
- Seaweed Fertilizer Production
- Marine Bio-Calcium Fertilizer Production
- Marine Fish Protein Liquid Bio-fertilizer Production
- Organic Kelp Fertilizer Production
- Seagrass Organic Compost Production
- Microalgal Fertilizer Production
- Jellyfish Fertilizer Production
- Marine Microbial Fertilizer Production
- Chitosan Fertilizer Production
- Oligochitosan Fertilizer Production
- Chitin Fertilizer Production
- Composition Analysis of Marine Biofertilizer
- Quality Testing of Marine Biofertilizer
- Screening of Microbes for Marine Biofertilizer
- Development of Alginate
- Development of New Marine Proteins
- Marine Halophilic Enzyme Production
- Marine Microbial Lysozyme Production
- Marine Agarase Production
- Marine Cold-active Enzymes Production
- Marine Carrageenase Production
- Marine Xylanase Production
- Marine Chitinase Production
- Marine Collagenases Production
- Porifera Peptides Synthesis
- Cnidaria Peptide Synthesis
- Mollusca Peptide Synthesis
- Annelida Peptide Synthesis
- Arthropoda Peptide Synthesis
- Echinodermata Peptide Synthesis
- Chordata Peptide Synthesis
- Development of Marine Biotoxin
- Isolation of Marine Peptide Toxins
- Purification and Characterization of Marine Peptide Toxins
- Isolation of Marine Polyether Toxins
- Isolation of Marine Alkaloid Toxins
- Identification and Quantification of Marine Polyether Toxins
- Detection of Marine Biotoxin
- Immunoassay Testing of Marine Polyether Toxins
- Biological Activity Evaluation of Marine Biotoxin
- Biosynthesis of Marine Biotoxin
- Risk Assessment of Marine Biotoxin
- Identification of Microcystins
- Isolation and Purification of Microcystins
- Molecular Characterization and Toxin Quantification of Microcystis
- Development of Marine Biosurfactants
- Marine Microbial Production of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Sophorolipid Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Trehalose Lipid Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Fatty Acid Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Lipopolysaccharide Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Lipoprotein Biosurfactant
- Marine Microbial Production of Lipoamino Acid Biosurfactant
- Purification of Marine Biosurfactant
- Isolation of Biosurfactant Producing Marine Bacteria
- Process Design and Optimization for Marine Biosurfactant Production
- Critical Micelle Concentration Determination of Marine Biosurfactant
- Structural Diversity Analysis of Marine Biosurfactant
- Characterization of Marine Biosurfactant
- Quantification of Marine Biosurfactant
- Qualitative Analysis of Marine Biosurfactant
- Surface Tension Measurement of Marine Biosurfactant
- Antimicrobial Testing of Marine Biosurfactant
- Anti-adhesive Testing of Marine Biosurfactant
- Development of Marine Unsaturated Fatty Acid
- Bioactivity Assays of Marine Unsaturated Fatty Acid
- Chemical Structures Analysis of Marine Unsaturated Fatty Acid
- Marine Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis from Yarrowia Lipolytica
- Fermentation of Marine Microalgae to Produce EPA/DHA
- Screening of Marine Yeasts to Produce Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Unsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis from Thraustochytrium
- Unsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis from Schizochytrium
- Development of Marine Biochips
- Development of Marine-Based Biomaterial
- Development of Marine Polysaccharides
- Development of Brown Seaweed Polysaccharides
- Development of Red Seaweed Polysaccharides
- Development of Green Seaweed Polysaccharides
- Structural Analysis of Marine Polysaccharides
- Modification of Marine Polysaccharides
- Physicochemical Properties Analysis of Marine Polysaccharides
- Separation and Purification of Marine Polysaccharides
- Development of Marine Oligosaccharides
- Development of Marine Microbial Polysaccharides
- Development of Marine Microbial Pesticide
- Development of Marine Algae Resources
- Analysis of Marine Organisms
- Analysis of Marine Microorganisms
- Identification and Detection of Marine Microorganisms
- Isolation and Cultivation of Marine Microorganisms
- Characterization of Marine Microorganisms
- Identification of Marine Bacteria
- Physiological Characteristic Analysis of Marine Microorganisms
- Identification of Marine Virus
- Marine Microbial Community Profiling
- Identification of Marine Archaea
- Quantitative Analysis of Marine Microbiome Community
- Identification of Marine Yeast
- Sequencing of Marine Microbial Community
- Identification of Marine Eukaryotic Microorganisms
- Fermentation of Marine Microorganisms
- Marine Microbial Limits Testing
- Analysis of Marine Microbial Diversity
- Databases Construction of the Marine Metagenomics
- Marine Microbial Bioburden Testing
- Marine Microbial Stability Testing
- Marine Microbial Viability Testing
- Sampling of Marine Microorganism
- Preservation Service of Marine Microorganism
- Breeding of Marine Microorganisms
- Analysis of Marine Plankton
- Analysis of Marine Plants
- Chlorophyll Detection of Algae
- Detection of Phycocyanin Concentration
- Growth Inhibition Test of Freshwater Algae
- Sediment-free Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
- Water-sediment Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test
- Water-sediment Glyceria Maxima Toxicity Test
- Efficacy Test of Algicides
- Analysis of Phytoplankton Pigment
- Identification and Sampling of Zooplankton
- Ultra-microplankton Detection
- Microplankton Detection
- Determination of Trace Elements in Plankton
- Macrobenthos Analysis
- Plankton Image Analysis
- Plankton Sorting
- Analysis of Marine Microorganisms
- Development of Marine Drug
- Development of Marine Antibacterial Drug
- Development of Marine Anticancer Drug
- Development of Marine Anti-inflammatory Drug
- Development of Marine Antioxidant
- Development of Marine Antiviral Drug
- Development of Marine Neuroprotective Drug
- Development of Marine Antiparasitic Drug
- Development of Marine Analgesic Drug
- Development of Marine Cardiovascular Drug
- Development of Marine Antimicrobial Drug
- Development of Marine Antimalarial Drug
- Development of Marine Anticoagulant Drug
- Development of Marine Antihyperlipidemic Drug
- Development of Marine Antidiabetic Drug
- Development of Anti-tubercular Drug
- Development of Marine Antiprotozoal Drug
- Marine Organism Cell Culture
- Development of Marine Organism Model
- Marine Biological Test
- Fish Embryo Acute Test
- Fish Early Life Stage Toxicity Test
- Fish Sexual Development Test
- Fish Juvenile Growth Study
- Fish Egg Test
- Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
- Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
- Lemna Growth Inhibition Test
- Fish Acute Toxicity Test
- Fish Chronic Toxicity Test
- Endocrine Disruption Testing
- Daphnia Magna Reproduction Test
- Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
- Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Reproduction Test
- Lymnaea Stagnalis Reproduction Test
- Fish Life Cycle Toxicity Test
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Identification of Microcystins
Microcystins are an increasingly important group of bioactive compounds produced by many major planktonic cyanobacteria. Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide cyanobacterial toxins produced by members of several cyanobacterial genera including Microcystis, Planktothrix (Oscillatoria), Anabaena, Nostoc, Anabaenopsis, Hapalosiphon. They are a family of cyclic heptapeptides that cause acute and chronic toxicity. Purified microcystins are used in a range of research applications, including toxicological and biochemical studies, the development of detection systems, and the study of water treatment strategies. Microcystin-LR is the most toxic form of the more than 80 known toxic variants and the most studied family form. Commercial availability of purified microcystins remains relatively limited, and for many projects, the cost of purchase is prohibitive. At CD BioSciences, we offer detection assays that include immunological or biochemical assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme activity assays, chemical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography and more sophisticated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Fig. 1 General structure of microcystins. (McElhiney J, et al., 2005)
Our Services
CD BioSciences provides isolation and identification services for microcystins using our state-of-the-art equipment. Our analytical services support the full custom detection workflow. Our services are listed as folloes, but are not limited to:
- Biochemical Screening Services
- Mouse assays
- Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Protein phosphatase inhibition assay
- Polyclonal antibody methods
- Monoclonal antibody methods
- Recombinant antibody fragment methods
- Molecularly imprinted polymers
- Brine shrimp assay
- Physicochemical Identification Services
- Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric (LC–MS) detection
- Electrochemical detection
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) detection
- Gas chromatographic (GC) and GC–MS analysis
Our Analysis Platform
- Bioanalytical Development
Our scientists build repeatable analyses, coordinate requests, and generate bioanalytical insights on a unified digital platform. - Bioprocess Development
Proven biologics process development workflows are derived from industry best practices and built on a unified digital platform.
Why Use Our Isolation and Identification Services of Microcystins?
- Scientific team with extensive experience in handling marine biotoxin
- Fully customizable designs to meet each specific need
- Our LC-MS analysis service provides a sufficiently reliable and inexpensive analysis for the routine detection of toxins.
- Advanced platform to ensure optimal results for every step
- Fast turnaround time and reasonable price
- Reliable and up-to-date analysis reports
- Friendly, expert advice available
CD BioSciences is a professional service provider for the marine biology industry. Our identification services of microcystins can ensure that the most suitable methods and techniques are selected for your project. We provide our customers with the most precise ingredient data and highly informed process expertise. Our team of biomass experts plays a key role in the formulation, optimization and commercial evaluation of biomass value-added processes in industry and academia. If necessary, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
- McElhiney J, Lawton L A. Detection of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins[J]. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2005, 203(3): 219-230.
Please kindly note that our services can only be used to support research purposes (Not for clinical use).